feat: General purpose clipping filter

[lzampier]

Description

This code defines a custom data filter plugin called Clipper for the Anemoi framework. The purpose of the Clipper filter is to clip (limit) the values of a specified field to a given range.

Type of Change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Documentation update

Issue Number

#84

Code Compatibility

• I have performed a self-review of my code

Code Performance and Testing

• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I ran the complete Pytest test suite locally, and they pass

Dependencies

• I have ensured that the code is still pip-installable after the changes and runs
• I have tested that new dependencies themselves are pip-installable.

Documentation

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have updated the documentation and docstrings to reflect the changes
• I have added comments to my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas

Additional Notes

This is just a first draft that works both for 2d and 3d variables. It would be nice to apply the same clipper to multiple variables at once, if the required bounding values are the same. As it is, a new clipping instance must be added for each variable to the dataset creation recipe.

[floriankrb]

As we have "rescale" (verb) in the config, I changed the name from "clipper" (noun) to "clip" (verb)

[lzampier]

From @anaprietonem:

The tests look good, but it would be great if either @lzampier or @floriankrb could update the input/output interface to match the ones here https://github.com/ecmwf/anemoi-transform/pull/93/files#diff-a990ae3dbc875f09016f33e9258352e6e8b5cc3fd3f7a50d2a2eef97e198e856, so trying to use the one from anemoi.transform.sources import source_registry, which can either take a source file or a simple dictionary containing the earthkit field(s).