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Enterprise Network Design Project

📋 Project Overview

This project demonstrates a comprehensive enterprise network design implementation covering VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) subnetting, routing protocols (RIP, EIGRP, OSPF), DHCP configuration, Access Control Lists (ACLs), Network Address Translation (NAT), and server services configuration. The project includes an interactive web-based visualization of the complete VLSM subnetting tree with detailed network analytics.

Course: Computer Networks
Institution: FAST National University of Computing and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad Campus
Student: Muhammad Nouman Hafeez (21I-0416)
Instructor: Sir Hamza Mehmood
Submission Date: 7th December, 2025

🎯 Project Objectives

  1. VLSM Subnetting: Efficiently allocate IP addresses for 13 primary networks (A-N) with varying host requirements (835 to 83,492 hosts)
  2. Additional Network Allocation: Configure 29 point-to-point router links and 15 LAN segments
  3. Routing Protocol Configuration: Implement and configure RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF routing protocols
  4. Protocol Redistribution: Configure route redistribution between different routing protocols
  5. DHCP Configuration: Set up Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for automatic IP assignment
  6. Access Control Lists: Implement security policies using ACLs
  7. Network Address Translation: Configure NAT for private-to-public IP translation
  8. Server Services: Configure TFTP, Web, and Data server services
  9. Interactive Visualization: Create a web-based interactive visualization of the VLSM tree

📁 Project Structure

enterprise-network-design/
│
├── README.md                          # This file
├── Project Description.pdf            # Detailed project description
├── Project_Rubric.pdf                # Project evaluation rubric
├── Project Topology.png              # Main network topology diagram
├── network_topology.pkt              # Packet Tracer network topology file
│
├── VLSM_Subnetting_Configuration.pdf # Complete VLSM documentation
├── VLSM-tree.mmd                     # Mermaid diagram: Primary networks (A-N)
├── VLSM-tree-1.png                   # Rendered VLSM tree part 1
├── VLSM-tree-2.png                   # Rendered VLSM tree part 2
├── VLSM-tree-other_networks.mmd      # Mermaid diagram: P2P links & LANs
├── VLSM-tree-other_networks.png      # Rendered other networks tree
│
├── documentation/                     # Additional documentation
│   ├── EIGRP_AND_RIP_REDISTRIBUTION.pdf
│   ├── NAT_ROUTER10.pdf
│   └── OSPF_AND_EIGRP_REDISTRIBUTION.pdf
│
├── configured_topology_snapshots/     # Network topology screenshots
│   ├── complete_topology.png
│   ├── topolgoy_row1.png
│   └── topolgoy_row2.png
│
├── results/                          # Configuration result screenshots
│   ├── Routing Protocol Results/
│   │   ├── RIP configuration screenshots
│   │   ├── EIGRP configuration screenshots
│   │   ├── OSPF configuration screenshots
│   │   └── Protocol redistribution proofs
│   ├── DHCP configuration screenshots
│   ├── ACL configuration screenshots
│   ├── NAT configuration screenshots
│   └── Server services screenshots
│
└── web/                              # Interactive web visualization
    ├── index.html                    # Main HTML file
    ├── styles.css                    # Styling with dark theme
    ├── script.js                     # Interactive functionality & charts
    ├── vlsm_data.txt                 # Network data
    └── vlsm-tree-complete.mmd        # Complete VLSM tree Mermaid diagram

🌐 Network Configuration Summary

Supernet Information

  • Supernet: 114.192.0.0/14
  • Range: 114.192.0.0 - 114.195.255.255
  • Total Addresses: 262,144
  • Usable Addresses: 262,142
  • Allocation Strategy: Largest to smallest (minimizes fragmentation)

Primary Networks (A-N)

Network Required Hosts Prefix Subnet Subnet Mask Usable Addresses First Usable Last Usable Broadcast
F 83,492 /15 114.192.0.0/15 255.254.0.0 131,070 114.192.0.1 114.193.255.254 114.193.255.255
B 14,068 /18 114.194.0.0/18 255.255.192.0 16,382 114.194.0.1 114.194.63.254 114.194.63.255
C 11,243 /18 114.194.64.0/18 255.255.192.0 16,382 114.194.64.1 114.194.127.254 114.194.127.255
A 10,921 /18 114.194.128.0/18 255.255.192.0 16,382 114.194.128.1 114.194.191.254 114.194.191.255
L 8,644 /18 114.194.192.0/18 255.255.192.0 16,382 114.194.192.1 114.194.255.254 114.194.255.255
E 7,579 /19 114.195.0.0/19 255.255.224.0 8,190 114.195.0.1 114.195.31.254 114.195.31.255
M 6,021 /19 114.195.32.0/19 255.255.224.0 8,190 114.195.32.1 114.195.63.254 114.195.63.255
G 3,447 /20 114.195.64.0/20 255.255.240.0 4,094 114.195.64.1 114.195.79.254 114.195.79.255
D 2,154 /20 114.195.80.0/20 255.255.240.0 4,094 114.195.80.1 114.195.95.254 114.195.95.255
J 874 /22 114.195.96.0/22 255.255.252.0 1,022 114.195.96.1 114.195.99.254 114.195.99.255
H 851 /22 114.195.100.0/22 255.255.252.0 1,022 114.195.100.1 114.195.103.254 114.195.103.255
N 849 /22 114.195.104.0/22 255.255.252.0 1,022 114.195.104.1 114.195.107.254 114.195.107.255
I 835 /22 114.195.108.0/22 255.255.252.0 1,022 114.195.108.1 114.195.111.254 114.195.111.255

Additional Networks

Point-to-Point Router Links (29 Links)

  • Subnet Mask: /30 (255.255.255.252)
  • Range: 114.195.112.0 - 114.195.112.115
  • Total Addresses Used: 116 addresses
  • Usable Addresses: 58 (2 per link)
  • Efficiency: 50% (optimal for P2P links)

Sample Links:

  • Link-01: 114.195.112.0/30 (Router 1: .1, Router 2: .2)
  • Link-02: 114.195.112.4/30 (Router 1: .5, Router 2: .6)
  • ... (29 total links)
  • Link-29: 114.195.112.112/30 (Router 1: .113, Router 2: .114)

LAN Segments (15 Networks)

  • Subnet Mask: /29 (255.255.255.248)
  • Range: 114.195.112.120 - 114.195.112.239
  • Total Addresses Used: 120 addresses
  • Usable Addresses: 90 (6 per LAN)
  • Efficiency: 75%

Sample LANs:

  • LAN-01: 114.195.112.120/29 (Hosts: .121 - .126)
  • LAN-02: 114.195.112.128/29 (Hosts: .129 - .134)
  • ... (15 total LANs)
  • LAN-15: 114.195.112.232/29 (Hosts: .233 - .238)

Network Statistics

Metric Value
Total Required Hosts 150,978
Total Allocated Addresses 199,680
Total Usable Addresses 199,652
Total Waste 48,674 addresses (24.4%)
Address Utilization 75.6%
Remaining Space 36,628 addresses (99.36% of remaining block)

📊 Mermaid Diagrams

This project includes several Mermaid diagram files (.mmd) that visualize the VLSM subnetting hierarchy. All diagrams are configured with a dark theme for better visibility and professional presentation.

Diagram Files

  1. VLSM-tree.mmd - Primary networks (A-N) allocation tree

    • Shows the complete hierarchical breakdown of the supernet
    • Displays all 13 primary networks with their configurations
    • Includes split points and intermediate blocks
    • Theme: Dark background with solid colors

  2. VLSM-tree-other_networks.mmd - P2P links and LAN segments allocation

    • Detailed breakdown of the 29 point-to-point links
    • Complete allocation of 15 LAN segments
    • Shows the subdivision process from /18 to individual subnets
    • Theme: Dark background with solid colors

  3. web/vlsm-tree-complete.mmd - Complete integrated tree

    • Combines primary networks and additional networks
    • Used in the web visualization
    • Theme: Dark background with solid colors

Mermaid Diagram Features

All diagrams include:

  • Dark Theme Configuration: Custom dark theme with solid backgrounds
  • Color Coding:
    • 🟦 Blue/Teal: Primary allocated networks (A-N)
    • 🟪 Purple: Intermediate blocks and splits
    • 🔴 Red: Split points and decision nodes
    • 🟦 Light Blue: Point-to-point links
    • 🟩 Green: LAN segments
    • 🟠 Orange: Future expansion/reserved space
  • Detailed Information: Each node includes subnet, mask, range, and waste calculations
  • Hierarchical Structure: Clear parent-child relationships showing subnet division

Viewing the Diagrams

Option 1: Online Mermaid Editor

  1. Visit Mermaid Live Editor
  2. Copy the contents of any .mmd file
  3. Paste into the editor
  4. The diagram will render automatically with the dark theme

Option 2: VS Code Extension

  1. Install the "Markdown Preview Mermaid Support" extension
  2. Open any .mmd file
  3. Use the preview feature to view the diagram

Option 3: Web Visualization

  1. Open web/index.html in a web browser
  2. The complete interactive VLSM tree is displayed with zoom, pan, and download capabilities

Option 4: Command Line (with Mermaid CLI)

# Install Mermaid CLI
npm install -g @mermaid-js/mermaid-cli

# Generate PNG from Mermaid file
mmdc -i VLSM-tree.mmd -o VLSM-tree.png -t dark -b transparent

Diagram Customization

The diagram files use inline style directives for node colors (e.g. style Start fill:#1a237e). For GitHub compatibility, the .mmd files do not use Mermaid's %%{init:...}%% theme directive, as GitHub's Mermaid renderer does not support it. For dark theme rendering in Mermaid Live Editor or the web app, you can add an init block at the top of a copy of the file.

🌐 Web Visualization

The project includes an interactive web-based visualization located in the web/ directory.

Features

  1. Interactive VLSM Tree Diagram

    • Zoom in/out functionality
    • Pan and drag navigation
    • Download diagram as PNG
    • Dark theme with professional styling

  2. Network Statistics Dashboard

    • Network distribution charts
    • Address utilization visualization
    • Subnet size distribution
    • Host requirements analysis
    • Efficiency metrics
    • Growth timeline

  3. Network Cards

    • Detailed information for each network
    • Click to expand/collapse
    • Copy-to-clipboard functionality
    • Search and filter capabilities

  4. Image Gallery

    • Organized by category
    • Modal view for full-size images
    • Lazy loading for performance

Running the Web Visualization

  1. Simple Method (Local File):

    • Open web/index.html directly in a web browser
    • All dependencies are loaded from CDN

  2. Local Server (Recommended):

    # Using Python 3
cd web
python -m http.server 8000

# Using Node.js (http-server)
npx http-server web -p 8000

# Then open: http://localhost:8000

Web Technologies Used

  • HTML5 - Structure
  • CSS3 - Dark theme styling with animations
  • JavaScript (ES6+) - Interactive functionality
  • Mermaid.js - Diagram rendering
  • Chart.js - Statistical charts and graphs

🔧 Technical Implementation

VLSM Calculation Algorithm

For each network with required hosts R:

  1. Find the smallest H where 2^H - 2 ≥ R
  2. Calculate prefix: prefix = 32 - H
  3. Calculate subnet mask from prefix
  4. Allocate contiguous address space
  5. Calculate first usable, last usable, and broadcast addresses

Routing Protocol Configuration

RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

  • Version: RIPv2
  • Networks: Configured on multiple router interfaces
  • Auto-summarization: Disabled
  • Documentation: See results/rip_*.png

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

  • AS Number: 11
  • Networks: Multiple networks advertised
  • Documentation: See results/eigrp11_*.png

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

  • Process ID: Multiple processes
  • Areas: Area 0 (backbone), Area 1, Area 2
  • Network Types: Broadcast, Point-to-Point
  • Documentation: See results/ospf_*.png

Protocol Redistribution

  • RIP ↔ EIGRP: Bidirectional redistribution configured
  • OSPF ↔ EIGRP: Redistribution between OSPF areas and EIGRP
  • OSPF ↔ RIP: Redistribution between OSPF and RIP
  • Documentation: See results/*redistribution*.png and documentation/ folder

DHCP Configuration

  • DHCP Server 1: Configured for Row 2 networks
  • DHCP Server 2: Configured for Row 1 networks
  • TFTP Server Integration: TFTP server address configured in DHCP options
  • Documentation: See results/DHCP*.png

Access Control Lists (ACLs)

  • Network 1 (L): Web server access control
  • Network 2 (A): TFTP and Data server access control
  • Documentation: See results/ACL_*.png

Network Address Translation (NAT)

  • Router 10: NAT configuration for private-to-public IP translation
  • Documentation: See results/NAT_result.png and documentation/NAT_ROUTER10.pdf

📚 Documentation Files

PDF Documents

  1. VLSM_Subnetting_Configuration.pdf

    • Complete VLSM calculations
    • Detailed network allocations
    • Mathematical derivations
    • Efficiency analysis

  2. Project Description.pdf

    • Project requirements and scope
    • Network topology description
    • Configuration requirements

  3. Project_Rubric.pdf

    • Evaluation criteria
    • Grading rubrics
    • Project expectations

  4. documentation/EIGRP_AND_RIP_REDISTRIBUTION.pdf

    • EIGRP-RIP redistribution configuration
    • Route filtering and metrics

  5. documentation/OSPF_AND_EIGRP_REDISTRIBUTION.pdf

    • OSPF-EIGRP redistribution setup
    • Area configuration details

  6. documentation/NAT_ROUTER10.pdf

    • NAT configuration on Router 10
    • Translation rules and policies

🖼️ Visual Resources

Topology Diagrams

  • Project Topology.png - Main network topology overview
  • other_networks_topology_lables.png - Labeled topology diagram
  • configured_topology_snapshots/ - Complete configured topology screenshots

VLSM Tree Visualizations

  • VLSM-tree-1.png - Primary networks tree (Part 1)
  • VLSM-tree-2.png - Primary networks tree (Part 2)
  • VLSM-tree-other_networks.png - P2P links and LANs tree

Configuration Results

All configuration results are stored in the results/ directory, organized by category:

  • Routing protocol configurations
  • Protocol redistribution proofs
  • DHCP configurations
  • ACL configurations
  • NAT results
  • Server service configurations

🚀 Getting Started

Prerequisites

  • Web Browser (for viewing HTML visualization)

    • Chrome, Firefox, Edge, or Safari (latest versions)

  • Optional Tools:

    • Packet Tracer (for opening .pkt file)
    • VS Code with Mermaid extension (for editing .mmd files)
    • Python 3 or Node.js (for local web server)

Quick Start

  1. View the Web Visualization:

    # Navigate to web directory
cd web

# Start a local server (choose one)
python -m http.server 8000
# OR
npx http-server -p 8000

# Open in browser
# http://localhost:8000

  2. View Mermaid Diagrams:

  3. Review Documentation:

    • Open VLSM_Subnetting_Configuration.pdf for complete VLSM details
    • Check results/ folder for configuration screenshots
    • Review documentation/ for protocol-specific guides

📈 Key Achievements

✅ Efficient Address Allocation

  • Successfully allocated all 13 primary networks within the /14 supernet
  • Minimized address wastage (24.4% waste is acceptable for diverse requirements)
  • Maintained contiguous addressing for easier routing

✅ Comprehensive Network Coverage

  • 13 primary networks (A-N)
  • 29 point-to-point router links
  • 15 LAN segments
  • Total: 57 networks configured

✅ Multi-Protocol Routing

  • RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF all configured and operational
  • Successful route redistribution between protocols
  • Proper area configuration for OSPF

✅ Advanced Services

  • DHCP for automatic IP assignment
  • ACLs for network security
  • NAT for IP translation
  • Server services (TFTP, Web, Data)

✅ Professional Visualization

  • Interactive web-based VLSM tree
  • Statistical dashboards and charts
  • Dark theme for professional presentation
  • Responsive design

🔍 Network Efficiency Analysis

Address Utilization

  • Total Supernet: 262,144 addresses
  • Allocated: 199,680 addresses (76.1%)
  • Used by Hosts: 150,978 addresses (57.6%)
  • Waste: 48,674 addresses (18.6% of supernet, 24.4% of allocated)

Efficiency by Network Type

Network Type Count Efficiency Notes
Primary Networks (A-N) 13 75.6% Varies by network size
P2P Links (/30) 29 50% Optimal for point-to-point
LAN Segments (/29) 15 75% Good utilization

Route Summarization Opportunities

The contiguous allocation allows for efficient route summarization:

  • Network F: 114.192.0.0/15 (standalone)
  • Networks B, C, A, L: Can be summarized as 114.194.0.0/16
  • Networks E, M, G, D, J, H, N, I: Can be summarized as 114.195.0.0/16
  • Additional Networks: Can be summarized as 114.195.112.0/24

🛠️ Tools and Technologies

Network Simulation

  • Cisco Packet Tracer - Network topology design and configuration

Visualization

  • Mermaid.js - Diagram generation (flowcharts, tree diagrams)
  • Chart.js - Statistical charts and graphs
  • HTML5/CSS3/JavaScript - Web interface

Documentation

  • LaTeX/PDF - Technical documentation
  • Markdown - Project documentation (this README)

📝 File Descriptions

Core Files

  • README.md - This comprehensive project documentation
  • network_topology.pkt - Packet Tracer network topology file
  • Project Topology.png - Visual representation of network topology

VLSM Files

  • VLSM_Subnetting_Configuration.pdf - Complete VLSM documentation with calculations
  • VLSM-tree.mmd - Mermaid diagram for primary networks
  • VLSM-tree-other_networks.mmd - Mermaid diagram for additional networks
  • VLSM-tree-*.png - Rendered diagram images

Web Files

  • web/index.html - Main HTML file with interactive visualization
  • web/styles.css - Dark theme CSS styling
  • web/script.js - JavaScript for interactivity and charts
  • web/vlsm-tree-complete.mmd - Complete VLSM tree for web display
  • web/vlsm_data.txt - Network data in text format

Documentation Files

  • documentation/ - Protocol-specific configuration guides
  • results/ - Configuration result screenshots organized by category

🎨 Design Philosophy

Dark Theme Implementation

All visualizations use a consistent dark theme for:

  • Reduced Eye Strain: Easier on the eyes, especially in low-light environments
  • Professional Appearance: Modern, sleek design
  • Better Contrast: Improved readability of network information
  • Consistency: Unified look across all diagrams and web interface

Color Scheme

  • Primary Networks: Teal/Green (#00695c) - Represents allocated networks
  • Intermediate Blocks: Purple (#4a148c) - Shows subdivision blocks
  • Split Points: Red (#b71c1c) - Highlights decision/split nodes
  • P2P Links: Blue (#1565c0) - Point-to-point connections
  • LAN Segments: Green (#2e7d32) - Local area networks
  • Future Expansion: Orange (#f57c00) - Reserved/unallocated space
  • Background: Dark Blue (#0a0e27, #131829) - Solid dark backgrounds

🔐 Security Considerations

Access Control Lists (ACLs)

ACLs are configured to:

  • Control access to web servers
  • Restrict access to TFTP servers
  • Protect data servers
  • Implement security policies at network boundaries

Network Segmentation

  • Networks are logically separated using VLSM
  • Routing protocols provide controlled inter-network communication
  • NAT provides additional security by hiding internal network structure

📊 Performance Metrics

Routing Efficiency

  • Route Summarization: Reduces routing table size
  • Protocol Selection: Appropriate protocol for each network segment
  • Convergence Time: Optimized through proper protocol configuration

Address Space Efficiency

  • Utilization Rate: 75.6% of allocated addresses are usable
  • Waste Minimization: 24.4% waste is acceptable given diverse requirements
  • Scalability: 99.36% of remaining space available for future expansion

🧪 Testing and Validation

Configuration Verification

All configurations have been tested and verified:

  • ✅ Routing protocol adjacencies established
  • ✅ Route redistribution functioning correctly
  • ✅ DHCP address assignment working
  • ✅ ACLs enforcing security policies
  • ✅ NAT translation operational
  • ✅ Server services accessible

Screenshots and Proofs

All configuration results are documented with screenshots in the results/ directory, including:

  • Routing table outputs
  • Protocol neighbor adjacencies
  • Redistribution proofs
  • DHCP pool status
  • ACL application results
  • NAT translation tables

📖 Learning Outcomes

This project demonstrates proficiency in:

  1. VLSM Subnetting: Advanced IP address allocation techniques
  2. Routing Protocols: Configuration of RIP, EIGRP, and OSPF
  3. Route Redistribution: Integration of multiple routing protocols
  4. Network Services: DHCP, NAT, and server configuration
  5. Network Security: ACL implementation and security policies
  6. Network Design: Enterprise-level network architecture
  7. Documentation: Professional technical documentation
  8. Visualization: Interactive web-based network visualization

🤝 Contributing

This is an academic project. For questions or clarifications:

  • Review the documentation files
  • Check the configuration screenshots in results/
  • Refer to the PDF documentation for detailed explanations

📄 License

This project is part of an academic course assignment. All work is original and created for educational purposes.

👤 Author

Muhammad Nouman Hafeez
Roll Number: 21I-0416
Institution: FAST National University of Computing and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad Campus
Course: Computer Networks
Instructor: Sir Hamza Mehmood

📅 Project Timeline

  • Start Date: Course Semester 2025
  • Submission Date: 7th December, 2025
  • Status: ✅ Completed

🎓 Acknowledgments

  • Instructor: Sir Hamza Mehmood for guidance and project requirements
  • FAST-NU Islamabad for providing the academic framework
  • Cisco Packet Tracer for network simulation capabilities
  • Mermaid.js and Chart.js communities for excellent visualization tools

📞 Contact

For questions about this project:

  • Student: Muhammad Nouman Hafeez
  • Roll Number: 21I-0416
  • Institution: FAST National University, Islamabad Campus

🔄 Version History

  • v1.0 (December 2025) - Initial project submission
    • Complete VLSM configuration
    • All routing protocols configured
    • Web visualization implemented
    • Comprehensive documentation

📚 References

  1. Cisco Networking Academy - Routing Protocols
  2. RFC 1918 - Address Allocation for Private Internets
  3. VLSM Subnetting Best Practices
  4. OSPF, EIGRP, and RIP Configuration Guides
  5. Mermaid.js Documentation
  6. Chart.js Documentation

⚠️ Important Notes

  1. Network Topology: The .pkt file requires Cisco Packet Tracer to open
  2. Web Visualization: Requires internet connection for CDN resources (Mermaid.js, Chart.js)
  3. Mermaid Diagrams: Best viewed in Mermaid Live Editor or VS Code with Mermaid extension
  4. PDF Documentation: Requires PDF reader for viewing detailed calculations

🎯 Future Enhancements

Potential improvements for future iterations:

  1. Automated Configuration Scripts: Python scripts for automatic router configuration
  2. Network Monitoring: Integration with network monitoring tools
  3. Advanced Analytics: More detailed network performance metrics
  4. Mobile Responsiveness: Enhanced mobile experience for web visualization
  5. Export Functionality: Export network configurations in various formats
  6. Interactive Topology: Clickable network topology with device details

Last Updated: December 2025
Project Status: ✅ Complete and Submitted

This README provides comprehensive documentation for the Enterprise Network Design project. For detailed technical information, please refer to the PDF documentation files and configuration screenshots in the results/ directory.

About

Enterprise network design and simulation using Cisco Packet Tracer, featuring VLSM-based IP planning, multi-protocol routing (OSPF, EIGRP, RIP), route redistribution, DHCP, NAT, ACLs, and a documented web interface.

enterprise-network-design.vercel.app

Topics

dhcp rip acl ospf academic-project network-security routing-protocols network-design subnetting ccna vlsm eigrp computer-networks cisco-packet-tracer access-control-lists enterprise-network route-redistribution

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