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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<title>Ruby 1.9: What to Expect</title>
<meta name="generator" content="Slide Show (S9) 2.0.1 on Ruby 1.9.2 (2011-07-09) [i386-mingw32]">
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<div class="layout">
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<h1>Your Footer Here</h1>
<h2>Your Subfooter Here</h2>
</div>
</div>
<div class="presentation">
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Ruby 1.9: What to Expect</h1>
<p class="center">Sam Ruby @ OSCON 2008, Portland, Oregon, July 2008<sup class="footnote" id="fnr1"><a href="#fn1">1</a></sup></p>
<p class="footnote" id="fn1"><a href="#fnr1"><sup>1</sup></a> Adapted S6 Version from <a href="http://intertwingly.net/slides/2008/oscon/ruby19/1">Original Slide Deck</a></p>
<!-- begin help -->
<div class='help projection'>
<p><strong>Slide Show Keyboard Controls (Help)</strong></p>
<table>
<tr>
<td> Action </td>
<td> Key </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Go to next slide </td>
<td> Space Bar, Right Arrow, Down Arrow, Page Down, Click Heading </td>
</tr>
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<td> Go to previous slide </td>
<td> Left Arrow, Up Arrow, Page Up </td>
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<td> Toggle between slideshow and outline view (Ø) </td>
<td> T </td>
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<td> Show/hide slide controls (Ø « ») </td>
<td> C, Move mouse to bottom right corner </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Zoom in, zoom out, zoom reset (100%) </td>
<td> Control<code>+</code>Plus, Control<code>+</code>Minus, Control<code>+</code><code>0</code> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<!-- end help -->
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>About Sam Ruby</h1>
<ul>
<li>Agile Web Development with Rails (3rd Edition)</li>
<li>Apache Software Foundation</li>
<li>Atom / Feed Validator</li>
<li>ECMA .NET CLI (No longer active)</li>
<li>PHP Group (No longer active)</li>
<li>RESTful Web Services</li>
</ul>
<p>- <a href="http://intertwingly.net">intertwingly.net</a></p>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Agenda</h1>
<ul>
<li>Part 0: Overview</li>
<li>Part 1: What’s Changed?</li>
<li>Part 2: What’s New?</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1 class="fullscreen">Part 0 – Overview</h1>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>What is Ruby?</h1>
<ul>
<li>MRI (Matz’ Ruby Interpreter)</li>
<li>Rubinius – RubySpec</li>
<li>JRuby</li>
<li>IronRuby</li>
<li>Ruby.NET</li>
<li>MacRuby</li>
<li>MagLev</li>
<li>YARV (Yet Another Ruby Virtual-machine)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Ruby 1.9 – Major Features</h1>
<ul>
<li>Performance</li>
<li>Threads/Fibers</li>
<li>Encoding/Unicode</li>
<li>gems is (mostly) built-in now
<ul>
<li>No contribs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>One Lesson</h1>
<p>If you can only take away one message from this presentation:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>if</code> statements do not introduce scope in Ruby.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Replace Methods</h1>
<p>Bilingual Ruby</p>
<pre class='code'>
class Employee
if String.method_defined?(:encode)
def name
...
end
else
def name
...
end
end
end
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Replace Implementation</h1>
<p>Bilingual Ruby</p>
<pre class='code'>
if String.method_defined?(:encode)
module Builder
...
end
else
class String
...
end
end
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Continuous Integration (CI) Efforts</h1>
<ul>
<li>Ruby</li>
<li>Bacon</li>
<li>Builder</li>
<li>html5lib</li>
<li>libxml2</li>
<li>OpenID</li>
<li>REXML</li>
<li>Rake (contrib)</li>
<li>XMPP4R</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1 class="fullscreen">Part 1 – What’s Changed?</h1>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Single Character Strings</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> ?c
=> "c"
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> ?c
=> 99
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>String Index</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> "cat"[1]
=> "a"
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> "cat"[1]
=> 97
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>{"a","b"} No Longer Supported</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):002:0> {1,2}
SyntaxError: (irb):2: syntax error, unexpected ',', expecting tASSOC
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> {1,2}
=> {1=>2}
</pre>
<p><strong>Action</strong>: Convert to <code>{1 => 2}</code></p>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1><code>Array.to_s</code> Now Contains Punctuation</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> [1,2,3].to_s
=> "[1, 2, 3]"
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> [1,2,3].to_s
=> "123"
</pre>
<p><strong>Action</strong>: Use <code>.join</code> instead</p>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Colon No Longer Valid In When Statements</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> case 'a'; when /\w/: puts 'word'; end
SyntaxError: (irb):1: syntax error, unexpected ':',
expecting keyword_then or ',' or ';' or '\n'
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> case 'a'; when /\w/: puts 'word'; end
word
</pre>
<p><strong>Action</strong>: Use semicolon, <code>then</code>, or newline</p>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Block Variables Now Shadow Local Variables</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> i=0; [1,2,3].each {|i|}; i
=> 0
irb(main):002:0> i=0; for i in [1,2,3]; end; i
=> 3
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> i=0; [1,2,3].each {|i|}; i
=> 3
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1><code>Hash.index</code> Deprecated</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> {1=>2}.index(2)
(irb):18: warning: Hash#index is deprecated; use Hash#key
=> 1
irb(main):002:0> {1=>2}.key(2)
=> 1
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> {1=>2}.index(2)
=> 1
</pre>
<p><strong>Action</strong>: Use <code>Hash.key</code></p>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1><code>Fixnum.to_sym</code> Now Gone</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> 5.to_sym
NoMethodError: undefined method 'to_sym' for 5:Fixnum
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> 5.to_sym
=> nil
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1><code>Fixnum.to_sym</code> Now Gone (Cont’d)</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
# Find an argument value by name or index.
def [](index)
lookup(index.to_sym)
end
</pre>
<p><a href="http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/trunk/lib/rake.rb"><code>svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/trunk/lib/rake.rb</code></a></p>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Hash Keys Now Unordered</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> {:a=>"a", :c=>"c", :b=>"b"}
=> {:a=>"a", :c=>"c", :b=>"b"}
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> {:a=>"a", :c=>"c", :b=>"b"}
=> {:a=>"a", :b=>"b", :c=>"c"}
</pre>
<p>Order is insertion order</p>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Stricter Unicode Regular Expressions</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> /\x80/u
SyntaxError: (irb):2: invalid multibyte escape: /\x80/
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> /\x80/u
=> /\x80/u
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1><code>tr</code> and <code>Regexp</code> Now Understand Unicode</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
unicode(string).tr(CP1252_DIFFERENCES, UNICODE_EQUIVALENT).
gsub(INVALID_XML_CHAR, REPLACEMENT_CHAR).
gsub(XML_PREDEFINED) {|c| PREDEFINED[c.ord]}
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1><code>pack</code> and <code>unpack</code></h1>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
def xchr(escape=true)
n = XChar::CP1252[self] || self
case n when *XChar::VALID
XChar::PREDEFINED[n] or
(n>128 ? n.chr : (escape ? "&##{n};" : [n].pack('U*')))
else
Builder::XChar::REPLACEMENT_CHAR
end
end
unpack('U*').map {|n| n.xchr(escape)}.join
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1><code>BasicObject</code> More Brutal Than <code>BlankSlate</code></h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> class C < BasicObject; def f; Math::PI; end; end; C.new.f
NameError: uninitialized constant C::Math
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> require 'blankslate'
=> true
irb(main):002:0> class C < BlankSlate; def f; Math::PI; end; end; C.new.f
=> 3.14159265358979
</pre>
<p><strong>Action</strong>: Use <code>::Math::PI</code></p>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Delegation Changes</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):002:0> class C < SimpleDelegator; end
=> nil
irb(main):003:0> C.new('').class
=> String
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):002:0> class C < SimpleDelegator; end
=> nil
irb(main):003:0> C.new('').class
=> C
irb(main):004:0>
</pre>
<p><a href="http://rubyforge.org/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=17700&group_id=426&atid=1698">Defect 17700</a></p>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Use of $KCODE Produces Warnings</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):004:1> $KCODE = 'UTF8'
(irb):4: warning: variable $KCODE is no longer effective; ignored
=> "UTF8"
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> $KCODE = 'UTF8'
=> "UTF8"
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1><code>instance_methods</code> Now an Array of Symbols</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> {}.methods.sort.last
=> :zip
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> {}.methods.sort.last
=> "zip"
</pre>
<p><strong>Action</strong>: Replace <code>instance_methods.include?</code> with <code>method_defined?</code></p>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Source File Encoding</h1>
<p>Basic</p>
<pre class='code'>
# coding: utf-8
</pre>
<p>Emacs</p>
<pre class='code'>
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
</pre>
<p>Shebang</p>
<pre class='code'>
#!/usr/local/rubybook/bin/ruby
# encoding: utf-8
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Real Threading</h1>
<ul>
<li>Race Conditions</li>
<li>Implicit Ordering Assumptions</li>
<li>Test Code</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Implications</h1>
<ul>
<li>Changes are straightforward</li>
<li>Cumulative effect is massive</li>
<li>The biggest obstacle to Ruby 1.9’s adoption is the sheer number of mostly working but essentially unmaintained gems that virtually everybody in the Ruby community depends on</li>
<li>Emergence of alternate implementations also a source for inertia</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Recommendations</h1>
<p>Encourage maintainers of gems to:</p>
<ul>
<li>Produce versions of gems that work with 1.8.x and 1.9</li>
<li>For long term, move to distributed version control systems (DVCS) like <code>git</code></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Rails Dependencies</h1>
<p><code>actionmailer-2.1.0</code>, <code>actionpack-2.1.0</code>, <code>activerecord-2.1.0</code>, <code>activeresource-2.1.0</code>, <code>activesupport-2.1.0</code>, <code>builder-2.1.2</code>, <code>memcache-client-1.5.0</code>, <code>rails-2.1.0</code>, <code>rake-0.8.1</code>, <code>sources-0.0.1</code>, <code>text-format-0.6.3</code>, <code>tmail-1.2.3</code>, <code>tzinfo-0.3.8</code>, <code>xml-simple-1.0.11</code>, <code>html-scanner</code>, <code>db2.rb</code>, <code>mysql.rb</code></p>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1 class="fullscreen">Part 2 – What’s New?</h1>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
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<h1>Alternate Syntax for Symbol as Hash Keys</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
{a: b}
redirect_to action: show
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
{:a => b}
redirect_to :action => show
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Block Local Variables</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
[1,2].each {|value; t| t=value*value}
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Inject Methods</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
[1,2].inject(:+)
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
[1,2].inject {|a,b| a+b}
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1><code>to_enum</code></h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
short_enum = [1, 2, 3].to_enum
long_enum = ('a'..'z').to_enum
loop do
puts "#{short_enum.next} #{long_enum.next}"
end
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>No block? Enum!</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
e = [1,2,3].each
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Lambda Shorthand</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
p = -> a,b,c {a+b+c}
puts p.(1,2,3)
puts p[1,2,3]
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
p = lambda {|a,b,c| a+b+c}
puts p.call(1,2,3)
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Complex Numbers</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
Complex(3,4) == 3 + 4.im
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Decimal Is Still Not The Default</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
irb(main):001:0> 1.2-1.1
=> 0.0999999999999999
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Regex “Properties”</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
/\p{Space}/
</pre>
<p>Ruby 1.8.6</p>
<pre class='code'>
/[:space:]/
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Splat in Middle</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
def foo(first, *middle, last)
(->a, *b, c {p a-c}).(*5.downto(1))
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Fibers</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
f = Fiber.new do
a,b = 0,1
Fiber.yield a
Fiber.yield b
loop do
a,b = b,a+b
Fiber.yield b
end
end
10.times {puts f.resume}
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Break Values</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
match =
while line = gets
next if line =~ /^#/
break line if line.find('ruby')
end
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>“Nested” Methods</h1>
<p>Ruby 1.9</p>
<pre class='code'>
def toggle
def toggle
"subsequent times"
end
"first time"
end
</pre>
</div>
<div class='slide '>
<!-- _S9SLIDE_ -->
<h1>Questions</h1>
<ul>
<li>Any questions?</li>
<li><a href="http://www.pragprog.com/titles/ruby3/programming-ruby-3">Programming Ruby 3</a></li>
<li>Thanks for coming!</li>
</ul>
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