container.go

package docker

import (
	"bufio"
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"emperror.dev/errors"
	"github.com/apex/log"
	"github.com/buger/jsonparser"
	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/mount"
	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/network"
	"github.com/docker/docker/client"

	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/config"
	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/environment"
	"github.com/pterodactyl/wings/system"
)

var ErrNotAttached = errors.Sentinel("not attached to instance")

// A custom console writer that allows us to keep a function blocked until the
// given stream is properly closed. This does nothing special, only exists to
// make a noop io.Writer.
type noopWriter struct{}

var _ io.Writer = noopWriter{}

// Implement the required Write function to satisfy the io.Writer interface.
func (nw noopWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
	return len(b), nil
}

// Attach attaches to the docker container itself and ensures that we can pipe
// data in and out of the process stream. This should always be called before
// you have started the container, but after you've ensured it exists.
//
// Calling this function will poll resources for the container in the background
// until the container is stopped. The context provided to this function is used
// for the purposes of attaching to the container, a second context is created
// within the function for managing polling.
func (e *Environment) Attach(ctx context.Context) error {
	if e.IsAttached() {
		return nil
	}

	opts := container.AttachOptions{
		Stdin:  true,
		Stdout: true,
		Stderr: true,
		Stream: true,
	}

	// Set the stream again with the container.
	if st, err := e.client.ContainerAttach(ctx, e.Id, opts); err != nil {
		return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: error while attaching to container")
	} else {
		e.SetStream(&st)
	}

	go func() {
		// Don't use the context provided to the function, that'll cause the polling to
		// exit unexpectedly. We want a custom context for this, the one passed to the
		// function is to avoid a hang situation when trying to attach to a container.
		pollCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
		defer cancel()
		defer e.stream.Close()
		defer func() {
			e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)
			e.SetStream(nil)
		}()

		go func() {
			if err := e.pollResources(pollCtx); err != nil {
				if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
					e.log().WithField("error", err).Error("error during environment resource polling")
				} else {
					e.log().Warn("stopping server resource polling: context canceled")
				}
			}
		}()

		if err := system.ScanReader(e.stream.Reader, func(v []byte) {
			e.logCallbackMx.Lock()
			defer e.logCallbackMx.Unlock()
			e.logCallback(v)
		}); err != nil && err != io.EOF {
			log.WithField("error", err).WithField("container_id", e.Id).Warn("error processing scanner line in console output")
			return
		}
	}()

	return nil
}

// InSituUpdate performs an in-place update of the Docker container's resource
// limits without actually making any changes to the operational state of the
// container. This allows memory, cpu, and IO limitations to be adjusted on the
// fly for individual instances.
func (e *Environment) InSituUpdate() error {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
	defer cancel()

	if _, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx); err != nil {
		// If the container doesn't exist for some reason there really isn't anything
		// we can do to fix that in this process (it doesn't make sense at least). In those
		// cases just return without doing anything since we still want to save the configuration
		// to the disk.
		//
		// We'll let a boot process make modifications to the container if needed at this point.
		if client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
			return nil
		}
		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: could not inspect container")
	}

	// CPU pinning cannot be removed once it is applied to a container. The same is true
	// for removing memory limits, a container must be re-created.
	//
	// @see https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/41946
	if _, err := e.client.ContainerUpdate(ctx, e.Id, container.UpdateConfig{
		Resources: e.Configuration.Limits().AsContainerResources(),
	}); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: could not update container")
	}
	return nil
}

// Create creates a new container for the server using all the data that is
// currently available for it. If the container already exists it will be
// returned.
func (e *Environment) Create() error {
	ctx := context.Background()

	// If the container already exists don't hit the user with an error, just return
	// the current information about it which is what we would do when creating the
	// container anyways.
	if _, err := e.ContainerInspect(ctx); err == nil {
		return nil
	} else if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
		return errors.WrapIf(err, "environment/docker: failed to inspect container")
	}

	// Try to pull the requested image before creating the container.
	if err := e.ensureImageExists(e.meta.Image); err != nil {
		return errors.WithStackIf(err)
	}

	cfg := config.Get()
	a := e.Configuration.Allocations()
	evs := e.Configuration.EnvironmentVariables()
	for i, v := range evs {
		// Convert 127.0.0.1 to the pterodactyl0 network interface if the environment is Docker
		// so that the server operates as expected.
		if v == "SERVER_IP=127.0.0.1" {
			evs[i] = "SERVER_IP=" + cfg.Docker.Network.Interface
		}
	}

	// Merge user-provided labels with system labels
	confLabels := e.Configuration.Labels()
	labels := make(map[string]string, 2+len(confLabels))

	for key := range confLabels {
		labels[key] = confLabels[key]
	}
	labels["Service"] = "Pterodactyl"
	labels["ContainerType"] = "server_process"
	labels["ServerUUID"] = e.Id

	conf := &container.Config{
		Hostname:     e.Id,
		Domainname:   cfg.Docker.Domainname,
		AttachStdin:  true,
		AttachStdout: true,
		AttachStderr: true,
		OpenStdin:    true,
		Tty:          true,
		ExposedPorts: a.Exposed(),
		Image:        strings.TrimPrefix(e.meta.Image, "~"),
		Env:          e.Configuration.EnvironmentVariables(),
		Labels:       labels,
	}

	// Set the user running the container properly depending on what mode we are operating in.
	if cfg.System.User.Rootless.Enabled {
		conf.User = fmt.Sprintf("%d:%d", cfg.System.User.Rootless.ContainerUID, cfg.System.User.Rootless.ContainerGID)
	} else {
		conf.User = strconv.Itoa(cfg.System.User.Uid) + ":" + strconv.Itoa(cfg.System.User.Gid)
	}

	networkMode := container.NetworkMode(cfg.Docker.Network.Mode)
	if a.ForceOutgoingIP {
		e.log().Debug("environment/docker: forcing outgoing IP address")
		networkName := "ip-" + strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ReplaceAll(a.DefaultMapping.Ip, ".", "-"), ":", "-")
		networkMode = container.NetworkMode(networkName)

		if _, err := e.client.NetworkInspect(ctx, networkName, network.InspectOptions{}); err != nil {
			if !client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
				return err
			}

			enableIPv6 := false
			if _, err := e.client.NetworkCreate(ctx, networkName, network.CreateOptions{
				Driver:     "bridge",
				EnableIPv6: &enableIPv6,
				Internal:   false,
				Attachable: false,
				Ingress:    false,
				ConfigOnly: false,
				Options: map[string]string{
					"encryption": "false",
					"com.docker.network.bridge.default_bridge": "false",
					"com.docker.network.host_ipv4":             a.DefaultMapping.Ip,
				},
			}); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	hostConf := &container.HostConfig{
		PortBindings: a.DockerBindings(),

		// Configure the mounts for this container. First mount the server data directory
		// into the container as an r/w bind.
		Mounts: e.convertMounts(),

		// Configure the /tmp folder mapping in containers. This is necessary for some
		// games that need to make use of it for downloads and other installation processes.
		Tmpfs: map[string]string{
			"/tmp": "rw,exec,nosuid,size=" + strconv.Itoa(int(cfg.Docker.TmpfsSize)) + "M",
		},

		// Define resource limits for the container based on the data passed through
		// from the Panel.
		Resources: e.Configuration.Limits().AsContainerResources(),

		DNS: cfg.Docker.Network.Dns,

		// Configure logging for the container to make it easier on the Daemon to grab
		// the server output. Ensure that we don't use too much space on the host machine
		// since we only need it for the last few hundred lines of output and don't care
		// about anything else in it.
		LogConfig: cfg.Docker.ContainerLogConfig(),

		SecurityOpt:    []string{"no-new-privileges"},
		ReadonlyRootfs: true,
		CapDrop: []string{
			"setpcap", "mknod", "audit_write", "net_raw", "dac_override",
			"fowner", "fsetid", "net_bind_service", "sys_chroot", "setfcap",
		},
		NetworkMode: networkMode,
		UsernsMode:  container.UsernsMode(cfg.Docker.UsernsMode),
	}

	if _, err := e.client.ContainerCreate(ctx, conf, hostConf, nil, nil, e.Id); err != nil {
		return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: failed to create container")
	}

	return nil
}

// Destroy will remove the Docker container from the server. If the container
// is currently running it will be forcibly stopped by Docker.
func (e *Environment) Destroy() error {
	// We set it to stopping than offline to prevent crash detection from being triggered.
	e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)

	err := e.client.ContainerRemove(context.Background(), e.Id, container.RemoveOptions{
		RemoveVolumes: true,
		RemoveLinks:   false,
		Force:         true,
	})

	e.SetState(environment.ProcessOfflineState)

	// Don't trigger a destroy failure if we try to delete a container that does not
	// exist on the system. We're just a step ahead of ourselves in that case.
	//
	// @see https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/issues/2001
	if err != nil && client.IsErrNotFound(err) {
		return nil
	}

	return err
}

// SendCommand sends the specified command to the stdin of the running container
// instance. There is no confirmation that this data is sent successfully, only
// that it gets pushed into the stdin.
func (e *Environment) SendCommand(c string) error {
	if !e.IsAttached() {
		return errors.Wrap(ErrNotAttached, "environment/docker: cannot send command to container")
	}

	e.mu.RLock()
	defer e.mu.RUnlock()

	// If the command being processed is the same as the process stop command then we
	// want to mark the server as entering the stopping state otherwise the process will
	// stop and Wings will think it has crashed and attempt to restart it.
	if e.meta.Stop.Type == "command" && c == e.meta.Stop.Value {
		e.SetState(environment.ProcessStoppingState)
	}

	_, err := e.stream.Conn.Write([]byte(c + "\n"))

	return errors.Wrap(err, "environment/docker: could not write to container stream")
}

// Readlog reads the log file for the server. This does not care if the server
// is running or not, it will simply try to read the last X bytes of the file
// and return them.
func (e *Environment) Readlog(lines int) ([]string, error) {
	r, err := e.client.ContainerLogs(context.Background(), e.Id, container.LogsOptions{
		ShowStdout: true,
		ShowStderr: true,
		Tail:       strconv.Itoa(lines),
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.WithStack(err)
	}
	defer r.Close()

	var out []string
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(r)
	for scanner.Scan() {
		out = append(out, scanner.Text())
	}

	return out, nil
}

// Pulls the image from Docker. If there is an error while pulling the image
// from the source but the image already exists locally, we will report that
// error to the logger but continue with the process.
//
// The reasoning behind this is that Quay has had some serious outages as of
// late, and we don't need to block all the servers from booting just because
// of that. I'd imagine in a lot of cases an outage shouldn't affect users too
// badly. It'll at least keep existing servers working correctly if anything.
func (e *Environment) ensureImageExists(img string) error {
	e.Events().Publish(environment.DockerImagePullStarted, "")
	defer e.Events().Publish(environment.DockerImagePullCompleted, "")

	// Images prefixed with a ~ are local images that we do not need to try and pull.
	if strings.HasPrefix(img, "~") {
		return nil
	}

	// Give it up to 15 minutes to pull the image. I think this should cover 99.8% of cases where an
	// image pull might fail. I can't imagine it will ever take more than 15 minutes to fully pull
	// an image. Let me know when I am inevitably wrong here...
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Minute)
	defer cancel()

	// Get a registry auth configuration from the config.
	var registryAuth *config.RegistryConfiguration
	for registry, c := range config.Get().Docker.Registries {
		if !strings.HasPrefix(img, registry) {
			continue
		}

		log.WithField("registry", registry).Debug("using authentication for registry")
		registryAuth = &c
		break
	}

	// Get the ImagePullOptions.
	imagePullOptions := image.PullOptions{All: false}
	if registryAuth != nil {
		b64, err := registryAuth.Base64()
		if err != nil {
			log.WithError(err).Error("failed to get registry auth credentials")
		}

		// b64 is a string so if there is an error it will just be empty, not nil.
		imagePullOptions.RegistryAuth = b64
	}

	out, err := e.client.ImagePull(ctx, img, imagePullOptions)
	if err != nil {
		images, ierr := e.client.ImageList(ctx, image.ListOptions{})
		if ierr != nil {
			// Well damn, something has gone really wrong here, just go ahead and abort there
			// isn't much anything we can do to try and self-recover from this.
			return errors.Wrap(ierr, "environment/docker: failed to list images")
		}

		for _, img2 := range images {
			for _, t := range img2.RepoTags {
				if t != img {
					continue
				}

				log.WithFields(log.Fields{
					"image":        img,
					"container_id": e.Id,
					"err":          err.Error(),
				}).Warn("unable to pull requested image from remote source, however the image exists locally")

				// Okay, we found a matching container image, in that case just go ahead and return
				// from this function, since there is nothing else we need to do here.
				return nil
			}
		}

		return errors.Wrapf(err, "environment/docker: failed to pull \"%s\" image for server", img)
	}
	defer out.Close()

	log.WithField("image", img).Debug("pulling docker image... this could take a bit of time")

	// I'm not sure what the best approach here is, but this will block execution until the image
	// is done being pulled, which is what we need.
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(out)

	for scanner.Scan() {
		b := scanner.Bytes()
		status, _ := jsonparser.GetString(b, "status")
		progress, _ := jsonparser.GetString(b, "progress")

		e.Events().Publish(environment.DockerImagePullStatus, status+" "+progress)
	}

	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	log.WithField("image", img).Debug("completed docker image pull")

	return nil
}

func (e *Environment) convertMounts() []mount.Mount {
	mounts := e.Configuration.Mounts()
	out := make([]mount.Mount, len(mounts))
	for i, m := range mounts {
		out[i] = mount.Mount{
			Type:     mount.TypeBind,
			Source:   m.Source,
			Target:   m.Target,
			ReadOnly: m.ReadOnly,
		}
	}
	return out
}