feat(indexer): set up pruning for objects_backward_history (#11300)

# Description of change

Add pruning support for `objects_backward_history`.

**New `ByCheckpointWithLimit` pruning strategy:**
- Deletes by `superseded_at_checkpoint` range with a per-statement row
limit via a CTE with `FOR UPDATE LIMIT`, same pattern as
`optimistic_transactions` pruning
- Handles variable batch sizes — a single checkpoint range can contain
many rows depending on traffic, unlike
`checkpoints`/`pruner_cp_watermark` which have O(1) rows per checkpoint
- The pruner loop repeats row-limited deletes until the range is fully
pruned, with pauses between batches

**Changes:**
- `ObjectsBackwardHistory` added to `PrunableTable` enum
- `ByCheckpointWithLimit` strategy + `CheckpointRangeWithLimit` chunk
variant
- Row-limited delete function in `pg_indexer_store.rs`

**E2e test (`backward_history_pruning`):** queries 4 object versions via
`objectKeys` before and after pruning — real tombstone (v3), lamport-1
tombstone (v6), previous active from backward history (v7), current
active from checkpointed_objects (v8). Verifies all 4 are findable
before pruning, and only the current active survives after.

## Links to any relevant issues

fixes #11168

## How the change has been tested

- [x] Basic tests (linting, compilation, formatting, unit/integration
tests)
- [x] Patch-specific tests (correctness, functionality coverage)
- `backward_history_pruning`: e2e test with `--epochs-to-keep 1`,
verifies objectKeys behavior before and after pruning
- Benchmarked DELETE performance with EXPLAIN ANALYZE on 1M row table

### Infrastructure QA (only required for crates that are maintained by
@iotaledger/infrastructure)

- [ ] Synchronization of the indexer from genesis for a network
including migration objects.
- [ ] Restart of indexer synchronization locally without resetting the
database.
- [ ] Restart of indexer synchronization on a production-like database.
- [ ] Deployment of services using Docker.
- [ ] Verification of API backward compatibility.

Author: tomxey

crates/iota-graphql-e2e-tests/tests/consistency/consistent_view_no_filter.snap

@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ task 1, lines 12-29:
 //# publish
 created: object(1,0)
 mutated: object(0,1)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 5380800,  storage_rebate: 0, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 5380800, storage_rebate: 0, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 2, line 31:
 //# run P0::m::create --sender A --args 1 @A
 created: object(2,0)
 mutated: object(0,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2257200,  storage_rebate: 0, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2257200, storage_rebate: 0, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 3, line 33:
 //# create-checkpoint
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Checkpoint created: 1
 task 4, line 35:
 //# run P0::m::update --sender A --args object(2,0) 2
 mutated: object(0,0), object(2,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2257200,  storage_rebate: 2257200, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2257200, storage_rebate: 2257200, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 5, line 37:
 //# create-checkpoint

crates/iota-graphql-e2e-tests/tests/consistency/consistent_view_wrapped.snap

@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ task 1, lines 13-37:
 //# publish
 created: object(1,0)
 mutated: object(0,1)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 5783600,  storage_rebate: 0, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 5783600, storage_rebate: 0, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 2, lines 39-41:
 //# programmable --sender A --inputs @A
 //> 0: P0::m::create_foo();
 //> TransferObjects([Result(0)], Input(0))
 created: object(2,0)
 mutated: object(0,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2196400,  storage_rebate: 0, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2196400, storage_rebate: 0, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 3, line 43:
 //# create-checkpoint
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ task 4, lines 45-47:
 created: object(4,0)
 mutated: object(0,0)
 wrapped: object(2,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000,  storage_rebate: 2196400, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000, storage_rebate: 2196400, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 5, line 49:
 //# create-checkpoint
@@ -40,17 +40,17 @@ Checkpoint created: 2
 task 6, line 51:
 //# transfer-object 4,0 --sender A --recipient A
 mutated: object(0,0), object(4,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000,  storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000, storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 7, line 53:
 //# transfer-object 4,0 --sender A --recipient A
 mutated: object(0,0), object(4,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000,  storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000, storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 8, line 55:
 //# transfer-object 4,0 --sender A --recipient A
 mutated: object(0,0), object(4,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000,  storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000, storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 9, lines 57-59:
 //# programmable --sender A --inputs @A object(4,0)
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ task 9, lines 57-59:
 mutated: object(0,0)
 unwrapped: object(2,0)
 deleted: object(4,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2196400,  storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2196400, storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 10, line 61:
 //# create-checkpoint

crates/iota-graphql-e2e-tests/tests/consistency/object_keys_tombstone.snap

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ task 1, lines 23-47:
 //# publish
 created: object(1,0)
 mutated: object(0,1)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 5783600,  storage_rebate: 0, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 5783600, storage_rebate: 0, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 2, lines 49-52:
 //# programmable --sender A --inputs @A
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ task 2, lines 49-52:
 //> TransferObjects([Result(0), Result(1)], Input(0))
 created: object(2,0), object(2,1)
 mutated: object(0,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 3412400,  storage_rebate: 0, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 3412400, storage_rebate: 0, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 3, line 54:
 //# create-checkpoint
@@ -33,22 +33,22 @@ task 4, lines 56-59:
 created: object(4,0), object(4,1)
 mutated: object(0,0)
 wrapped: object(2,0), object(2,1)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 3959600,  storage_rebate: 3412400, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 3959600, storage_rebate: 3412400, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 5, line 61:
 //# transfer-object 4,0 --sender A --recipient A
 mutated: object(0,0), object(4,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000,  storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000, storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 6, line 63:
 //# transfer-object 4,0 --sender A --recipient A
 mutated: object(0,0), object(4,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000,  storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000, storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 7, line 65:
 //# transfer-object 4,0 --sender A --recipient A
 mutated: object(0,0), object(4,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000,  storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000, storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 8, line 67:
 //# create-checkpoint
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ task 9, lines 69-72:
 mutated: object(0,0)
 unwrapped: object(2,0), object(2,1)
 deleted: object(4,0), object(4,1)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 3412400,  storage_rebate: 3959600, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 3412400, storage_rebate: 3959600, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 10, lines 74-76:
 //# create-checkpoint
@@ -75,22 +75,22 @@ task 11, lines 77-79:
 created: object(11,0)
 mutated: object(0,0)
 wrapped: object(2,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000,  storage_rebate: 2196400, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000, storage_rebate: 2196400, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 12, line 81:
 //# transfer-object 11,0 --sender A --recipient A
 mutated: object(0,0), object(11,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000,  storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000, storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 13, line 83:
 //# transfer-object 11,0 --sender A --recipient A
 mutated: object(0,0), object(11,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000,  storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000, storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 14, line 85:
 //# transfer-object 11,0 --sender A --recipient A
 mutated: object(0,0), object(11,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000,  storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2470000, storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 15, line 87:
 //# create-checkpoint
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ task 16, lines 89-91:
 mutated: object(0,0)
 unwrapped: object(2,0)
 deleted: object(11,0)
-gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2196400,  storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
+gas summary: computation_cost: 1000000, computation_cost_burned: 1000000, storage_cost: 2196400, storage_rebate: 2470000, non_refundable_storage_fee: 0
 
 task 17, line 93:
 //# create-checkpoint

crates/iota-graphql-e2e-tests/tests/prune/backward_history_pruning.move

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 IOTA Stiftung
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+//# init --protocol-version 12 --addresses P0=0x0 --accounts A --simulator --epochs-to-keep 1
+
+//# publish
+module P0::m {
+    public struct Foo has key, store {
+        id: UID,
+        value: u64,
+    }
+
+    public struct Wrapper has key, store {
+        id: UID,
+        foo: Foo,
+    }
+
+    public fun create_foo(ctx: &mut TxContext): Foo {
+        Foo { id: object::new(ctx), value: 0 }
+    }
+
+    public fun mutate_foo(foo: &mut Foo) {
+        foo.value = foo.value + 1;
+    }
+
+    public fun wrap_foo(foo: Foo, ctx: &mut TxContext): Wrapper {
+        Wrapper { id: object::new(ctx), foo }
+    }
+
+    public fun unwrap_foo(w: Wrapper): Foo {
+        let Wrapper { id, foo } = w;
+        object::delete(id);
+        foo
+    }
+}
+
+//# programmable --sender A --inputs @A
+//> 0: P0::m::create_foo();
+//> TransferObjects([Result(0)], Input(0))
+
+//# create-checkpoint
+
+//# programmable --sender A --inputs @A object(2,0)
+//> 0: P0::m::wrap_foo(Input(1));
+//> TransferObjects([Result(0)], Input(0))
+
+//# transfer-object 4,0 --sender A --recipient A
+
+//# transfer-object 4,0 --sender A --recipient A
+
+//# transfer-object 4,0 --sender A --recipient A
+
+//# create-checkpoint
+
+//# advance-epoch
+
+//# programmable --sender A --inputs @A object(4,0)
+//> 0: P0::m::unwrap_foo(Input(1));
+//> TransferObjects([Result(0)], Input(0))
+
+//# create-checkpoint
+
+//# programmable --sender A --inputs object(2,0)
+//> 0: P0::m::mutate_foo(Input(0));
+
+//# create-checkpoint
+
+//# advance-epoch
+
+//# run-graphql
+{
+  real_tombstone_v3: objects(filter: {objectKeys: [{objectId: "@{obj_2_0}", version: 3}]}) {
+    nodes { status version }
+  }
+  lamport_v6: objects(filter: {objectKeys: [{objectId: "@{obj_2_0}", version: 6}]}) {
+    nodes { status version }
+  }
+  previous_active_v7: objects(filter: {objectKeys: [{objectId: "@{obj_2_0}", version: 7}]}) {
+    nodes { status version }
+  }
+  current_active_v8: objects(filter: {objectKeys: [{objectId: "@{obj_2_0}", version: 8}]}) {
+    nodes { status version }
+  }
+}
+
+//# programmable --sender A --inputs @A
+//> 0: P0::m::create_foo();
+//> TransferObjects([Result(0)], Input(0))
+
+//# create-checkpoint
+
+//# advance-epoch
+
+//# programmable --sender A --inputs @A
+//> 0: P0::m::create_foo();
+//> TransferObjects([Result(0)], Input(0))
+
+//# create-checkpoint
+
+//# advance-epoch
+
+//# run-graphql --wait-for-checkpoint-pruned 4
+{
+  real_tombstone_v3: objects(filter: {objectKeys: [{objectId: "@{obj_2_0}", version: 3}]}) {
+    nodes { status version }
+  }
+  lamport_v6: objects(filter: {objectKeys: [{objectId: "@{obj_2_0}", version: 6}]}) {
+    nodes { status version }
+  }
+  previous_active_v7: objects(filter: {objectKeys: [{objectId: "@{obj_2_0}", version: 7}]}) {
+    nodes { status version }
+  }
+  current_active_v8: objects(filter: {objectKeys: [{objectId: "@{obj_2_0}", version: 8}]}) {
+    nodes { status version }
+  }
+}