Add `glasbey_petroff10` color-blind friendly categorical colormap

[user27182]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

The categorical glasbey maps are very nice, in particular the glasbey_categorical10 map due to the "familiar" and "curated" first 10 colors. However, none of glasbey colormaps are explicitly color-blind friendly.

Describe the solution you'd like

There is a paper by Matthew A. Petroff https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.02270 that describes a sequence of 10 color-blind friendly colors.

I think it would be useful to include a new 'glasbey_petroff10' colormap, where the first 10 colors are the petroff10 colors.

Describe alternatives you've considered

I could use glasbey_categorical10, but the first colors are not color-blind friendly. I could alternatively generate the new Glasbey map dynamically every time, but it would be better to have a pre-made colormap for easy loading.

Additional context

The Petroff colors were recently added to Matplotlib (https://matplotlib.org/devdocs/release/prev_whats_new/whats_new_3.10.0.html#new-more-accessible-color-cycle), though not as a colormap. Having this as a full 256 color glasbey colormap would be nice.

[jbednar]

I like the idea of having a colorblind-friendly categorical colormap to complement the colorblind-friendly continuous maps.

Starting with the Petroff colors makes good sense, but I would have expected that the remaining colors would also be chosen to be colorblind-friendly in some way. E.g. would it work to remove the green portions of the color space before running the Glasbey algorithm, following the approach outlined in #11?