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Link glossary terms in website pages (#36)
Co-authored-by: seabbs <[email protected]>
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methods/data-revisions.qmd

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- Excluding data from known backlog or major revision periods
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- Flagging and annotating revision events so downstream analyses can account for them
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- Redistributing negative entries in reporting triangles across neighbouring cells
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- Nowcasting methods that model cumulative counts without enforcing a proper CDF (i.e. monotonically increasing) can accommodate negative increments directly
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- Redistributing negative entries in [reporting triangles](../resources/glossary.qmd#reporting-triangle) across neighbouring cells
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- [Nowcasting](../resources/glossary.qmd#nowcasting) methods that model cumulative counts without enforcing a proper CDF (i.e. monotonically increasing) can accommodate negative increments directly
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- Methods that allow an improper PMF, such as `baselinenowcast`, can also handle negative counts in the reporting triangle
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- Many methods can be used without modification when negative counts are present for individual cells provided the net count for each delay is non-negative
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methods/other-data-quality.qmd

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### Methods
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- De-duplication rules applied before analysis
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- Imputing missing reference dates from available date fields
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- Imputing missing [reference dates](../resources/glossary.qmd#reference-date) from available date fields
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- Standardising formats across data sources before aggregation
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### Implementation

methods/reporting-delays.qmd

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Regression approaches go further by jointly modelling the epidemic curve and the delay distribution within a single model, treating the [reporting triangle](../resources/glossary.qmd#reporting-triangle) as a smooth surface over event time and delay [@vandeKassteele2019; @Schneble2021; @bastos; @Mellor2025].
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This means models can be specified that borrow information from neighbouring time points to stabilise estimates where counts are low, allow the delay pattern to change over time, account for systematic day-of-week effects, and incorporate additional covariates such as age group or geography.
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Uncertainty can be estimated as part of the model rather than as a postprocessing step.
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These are marginal approaches, treating each cell of the reporting triangle as independent [@Stoner2020].
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These are marginal approaches, treating each cell of the [reporting triangle](../resources/glossary.qmd#reporting-triangle) as independent [@Stoner2020].
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The regression structure makes it difficult to encode mechanistic components such as laboratory capacity or test-seeking behaviour, the delay component is not constrained to produce reporting proportions that sum to one, and parametric delay distributions are not supported, which in practice means that nowcasts can behave unpredictably at long delays where data are sparse.
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::: {.callout-tip}
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Because the [nowcasting](../resources/glossary.qmd#nowcasting) problem can be expressed as a regression model, any generalisation of regression can in principle be applied, including ARIMA models with covariates, gradient-boosted trees, neural networks, and other machine learning approaches.
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These methods can be easier to set up and may learn flexible structure from the data without requiring the analyst to specify it.
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The downside is that they typically lack the constraints and mechanistic components that purpose-built nowcasting models provide, and they carry the common limitations of black-box approaches.
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The downside is that they typically lack the constraints and mechanistic components that purpose-built [nowcasting](../resources/glossary.qmd#nowcasting) models provide, and they carry the common limitations of black-box approaches.
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::: {.callout-tip}
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## Best when
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For generative models, [NobBS](https://cran.r-project.org/package=NobBS) [@McGough2020] implements a simple marginal generative model with a random walk expectation model.
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[EpiLPS](https://github.com/oswaldogressani/EpiLPS) [@Gressani2024] uses a marginal generative approach with smooth functions of event time and delay and user-specified count distributions.
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[surveillance](https://cran.r-project.org/package=surveillance) [@surveillance] implements the conditional approach of @hohle with a log-linear expectation model and support for additional data sources.
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[epinowcast](https://github.com/epinowcast/epinowcast) [@epinowcast] implements a marginal generative approach with a flexible expectation model, multiple count distributions, parametric delays, hierarchical pooling across strata, joint effective reproduction number estimation, missing reference date imputation, user-defined reporting schedules, missing data handling, forecasting, and support for additional data sources.
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[epinowcast](https://github.com/epinowcast/epinowcast) [@epinowcast] implements a marginal generative approach with a flexible expectation model, multiple count distributions, parametric delays, hierarchical pooling across strata, joint effective reproduction number estimation, missing [reference date](../resources/glossary.qmd#reference-date) imputation, user-defined reporting schedules, missing data handling, forecasting, and support for additional data sources.
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```{r}
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#| echo: false

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